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Experimental smelting of three batches of prereduced chromite raw materials with different degrees of metallization of chromium was conducted in the 0.2 MVA ore-smelting furnace of the Chemical ...
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This review presents a synopsis of the various process steps used by industry in the beneficiation and smelting of chromite, as well as the waste materials generated for each of these process steps.
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Chromite reduction by carbon dissolved in a high carbon ferrochromium alloy melt has been investigated in the temperature range 1580-1640°C using a slag system based on CaO2-FeO-Cr2O3-SiO2-Al2O3. Although the reduction is essentially first order with respect to Cr2O3 concentration, it exhibits both zero order and first order reaction …
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ABSTRACT Lime-free roasting process, instead of high lime roasting process and less lime roasting process, has become the dominant method producing chromate salt all over the world. Remediation process and utilization treatment of chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is an environmental issue which is not solved …
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Chromite ore is characterized by the unit formula (Mg, Fe 2+) (Al, Cr, Fe 3+) 2 O 4 and serves as the only economically viable source of Cr units [1, 2]. The energy-intensive carbothermic smelting of …
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The low-grade siliceous chromite ore from Ghutrigaon, Odisha, India, containing ~ 16% Cr2O3, with Cr/Fe ratio of 1.97 and ~ 55% of SiO2, does not find any use in metallurgical industry and hence ...
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Direct reduction of chromite (DRC) is a promising alternative process for ferrochrome production with the potential to significantly reduce energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions compared to conventional smelting. In DRC, chromium (Cr) and iron (Fe) from chromite ore incongruently dissolve into a molten salt, which facilitates mass …
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Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is a hazardous waste because of leachable chromium, especially Cr(vi). Therefore, ascorbic acid (AA) and blast furnace slag (BFS) have been used to detoxify and … Expand
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The smelting tests of ore were carried out by adding carbon black as the reductant, 12% by weight to 1.0 kg of ore, and fluxes targeting the composition of the final slag. Fluxes were added to adjust the slag chemistry to two different slag systems, viz. CaO–Al 2 O 3 –SiO 2 and CaO–Al 2 O 3 –MgO–SiO 2 .
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Lead–zinc smelting slag (LZSS) is a nonferrous metal smelting residue that belongs to China's national hazardous waste list. It is considered as a hazardous waste containing heavy metals. Due to the fast development of the nonferrous metal industry, much higher levels of smelting residues were produced, and most smelting residues previously ...
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Its conventional production technology includes smelting of chromite ore with coke and quartz (or other silicon-contain-ing materials) in an electric arc furnace [1]. However, this ... Average chemical analysis of molten products during this period displayed the following contents: 65.49 % Cr, 2.58 % Si, 7.43 % C, 0.014 % S, 0.0081 % P (for ...
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The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy was investigated in this study. In the experiments, for …
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Chromite ore oxidized in air at 900 0C for 2h duration is used as base material for carrying out the reduction studies. ... [2-6, 76 13, 14]. 77 For Laterite ore smelting, slags can be expressed by the FeO-Fe2O3-SiO2 system. The final nickel bearing 78 product depend on the melting point of slag, which is affected by the SiO2/MgO ratio of the ...
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The low-grade siliceous chromite ore from Ghutrigaon, Odisha, India, containing ~ 16% Cr2O3, with Cr/Fe ratio of 1.97 and ~ 55% of SiO2, does not find any use in metallurgical industry and hence considered as waste. Mineralogical investigation indicates the presence of chromite and quartz as major minerals with minor fuchsite …
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Experiments on the smelting reduction of chromite ore in a 1-kg middle frequency induction furnace showed that the reduction is controlled by the mass transfer of chromium oxide dissolved in the slag. The dissolution of chromite particles into the liquid slag has little effect on the reduction rate. A decrease in the initial slag basicity (CaO/SiO 2 ) from …
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During stainless steel production, new chromium units are obtained from ferrochrome, a relatively crude alloy produced from chromite ore.Large chromite reserves have recently been discovered in the so-called Ring of Fire, Canada. Due to the strategic importance of uninterrupted stainless steel production in North America, it is highly likely …
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Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is a hazardous waste because of leachable chromium, especially Cr(vi). Therefore, ascorbic acid (AA) and blast furnace slag (BFS) have been used to detoxify and solidify COPR. On this basis, environmental stability experiments with high temperature and freeze–thaw cycles were carried out to explore …
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Lead-zinc smelting slag (LZSS) is regarded as a hazardous waste containing heavy metals that poses a significant threat to the environment. LZSS is rich in aluminosilicate, which has the potential to prepare alkali-activated materials and solidify hazardous waste, realizing hazardous waste cotreatme …
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In search of a cost-effective and environmentally friendly treatment method, this study investigated the potential of black soldier fly larvae (BSFL) as a biological …
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To produce desirable sinter products required by the blast furnace smelting process, sintering tests of ore mixtures made from a low grade South African chromite concentrate (Cr2O3/FeO = 1.99) and ...
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In current research work, authors have tried to smelt the mixture of low-grade chromite ore and sub-grade manganese ore, dumped as waste, with carbon. The …
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Chromium (Cr) ore refers to a natural mineral deposit that contains chromium in its raw form. Chromium is a chemical element with the symbol Cr and atomic number 24. It is a hard, lustrous, and corrosion-resistant metal that is widely used in various industrial applications due to its unique properties.
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The present article is a comprehensive review of all the research investigations carried out by various researchers to form a data base for the chromite waste processing. This paper describes established industrial processes for recovery of chromite from sources such as raw ore. 4. Chromite ore beneficiation practices
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The aim of this work is to develop crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy by smelting process of waste chromite ore fines using plasma smelting route. The subject of this work is to study the effect of plasma environment, charge chemistry, and plasma exposure time on the recovery of chromium and nickel from chromite ore and absorption of nitrogen from ...
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The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy was investigated in this study.
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1. Introduction Chromite ore processing residue (COPR) is a kind of hazardous waste because of the existence of highly leachable and carcinogenic hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)), which is generated during chromium salt production.While chromium salt is an important strategic resource which is widely used in electroplating, tanning, chemical …
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The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy was investigated in this study.
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Western Chrome Mines has a capacity of 2.0 million tons of run of mine ore. The main products of the mines are metallurgical and chemical concentrates, with some foundry grades. ... The blasted rock consisting of some 70 percent chrome ore and 30 percent waste, is then loaded by load-haul-dump units and transported to conveyor loading …
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Supply of world chromite (chrome ore) has come under severe pressure over the past year driven by strong demand for ferrochrome used in ferroalloy production for making stainless steel.
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About 80% of the worlds' reserves for platinum group metals (PGMs) are in South Africa's Bushveld Igneous Complex. Processing of PGM involves comminution, flotation, smelting, converting, base metals refinery and precious metals refinery. Due to increasing chrome content in the feed and the challenges associated with operating high …
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