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Four different types of proppant were studied as shown in Fig. 1.The proppants include Jordan Formation silica sand from Wisconsin (Runkel et al., 2012), silica sand from Genoa, Nebraska (Preferred Sands, 2017), resin-coated silica sand (Hexion Specialty Chemicals, 2010) and a carbon ceramic proppant (Sea-Pacific Inc, 2017).An …
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Ceramic proppants are popular because they offer superior strength under the high pressures of deep formations and can withstand higher pressure than silica sand.Ceramic proppants typically endure forces up to 10,000 psi. Although they're more expensive, ceramic proppants are available in a wider selection of grain sizes and boast a higher …
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Standard methods (API RP 56; API RP 60; ISO 13503–2) for determining the crush strength of proppant include putting a carefully sieved and measured dry sample of proppant in a cell of specific ...
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Corundum-mullite ceramic proppant was prepared by granulation and sintering with low-grade bauxite as the main raw materials and CaO as the additive …
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Intermediate Strength Proppants (ISP) IS PROPPANT (AHS10) ... ALPHAPROP finds extensive applications in hydraulic fracturing applications for extraction of natural gas from deep shale formations where high pressures are encountered. ... fractions of Alpha Prop viz. Manufactured in conformance with the IS-13503-2 standard, Alpha Prop offers ...
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In recent years, low-grade bauxite with an alumina content of 40%–60% has been used to develop ceramic proppants with high strength. 6-8 On the one hand, China's low-grade bauxite reserves are abundant and cheap, 9 the preparation of proppant based on this type of raw material is conducive to reducing the fracturing cost.
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Many micro fractures are inherent after slick water hydraulic fracturing process in shale rock formations. Micro fractures may consist of re-activated pre-existing natural fractures or induced unpropped fractures branching from main planar fractures (Fig. 2) (Wu and Sharma, 2017).The induced fractures at reservoir depths are estimated to …
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Abstract. The American Petroleum Institute (API) crush tests for proppants found in recommended practices (e.g. RP 56, 58, & 60) are typically used to compare the crush resistance of recognized API proppant sizes at a predetermined stress under dry and ambient conditions (API, 1995). This procedure has remained the same through …
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The proppants prepared by bauxite, waste ceramic sands and sintering aids are promising candidates as high-intensity and low-density fracturing proppants in future applications.
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As prepared, the proppants have an apparent density of 2.55–2.59 g/cm 3, and are resistant to high closure stress (over 69 MPa). By examining the distribution of the fines produced in the crushing rate test, it is apparent that the reduced crushing rate of ICP is due to its own increased compressive strength, rather than the encapsulation of ...
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Bauxite-based fracturing proppants with high strengths were prepared at sintering temperatures below 1200 °C via the addition of CaO and MnO 2. The effects of …
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The acid resistance of fracturing proppant can be effectively improved by adding BaCO 3 and reducing SiO 2.An acid-resistant proppant was created in a BaO–CaO–P 2 O 5 –Al 2 O 3 system without SiO 2 to increase the proppant's acid resistance. The effects of corrosion on the properties and microstructure of the …
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DOI: 10.1016/J.MATCHEMPHYS.2019.04.009 Corpus ID: 146437182; Preparation and characterization of high silicon ceramic proppants using low grade bauxite and fly ash @article{Ren2019PreparationAC, title={Preparation and characterization of high silicon ceramic proppants using low grade bauxite and fly ash}, author={Qiang Ren and Yu …
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Crush resistance and proppant packing strength in dry and heated conditions were studied to understand the proppant performance in high temperature EGS …
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The results showed that the proppants sintered at 1260°C for 2 h with a heating rate of 5°C min–1 under air atmosphere exhibited high crush resistance and …
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Low density and high strength ceramic proppant were prepared by sintering high alumina type low‐grade bauxite and high iron type low‐grade bauxite at temperature range from 1300 ℃ to 1360 ℃.
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PropRaider® - High-Strength Sintered Bauxite Proppant. Features: Rainbow's highest strength proppant . Maximum conductivity, highest crush resistance, and excellent thermal stability. Generally used in the deepest oil and gas wells, where other proppants are not applicable. Field-proven performance
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An ideal proppant for hydraulic fracturing should be neutrally buoyant, implying a very low bulk specific gravity, while maintaining crush resistance and low acid solubility.
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Curable resin coated proppants showed the best resistance against proppant flow back as it forms a consolidated proppant pack. ... Selection of proppant should not be solely on the proppant's crush strength at the applied stress value but should ... (2016) used sandstone sample with 204 MPa elastic limit and high strength …
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Proppant has been widely applied in the oil and gas exploitation during the hydraulic fracturing operation due to its unique properties, such as high crush resistance and adjustable density [1,2].In the recent years, with the worldwide exploitation of oil-gas resources and rapidly increased production of ceramic proppant industry, as the main …
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carbohsp high-density sintered bauxite proppant ... crush resistance mesh 2,000 4,000 6,000 8,000 20/40 0.1 0.6 1.9 4.2 30/50 2.7 unconfined compressive strength, tested at 2% kci
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Made from bauxite ore, superior crush resistance in a broad range of applications; Available sizes: 16/20,16/30, 20/40, 30/50 and 40/70. ... Ultra-High density sintered bauxite proppant that are used in the exploitation of hydraulic fracturing in gas & oil fields. Our company is the largest and most technologically advanced high-tech ...
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emphasizing the need for proppants with high crush resistance and compatibility with fracturing fluids. Proppant's compatibility with the fluid is considered in terms of chemical interactions, wettability and suspension stability that helps understanding the interaction between proppants and
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Corundum-mullite ceramic proppant was prepared by granulation and sintering with low-grade bauxite as the main raw materials and CaO as the additive mineralizer. The bulk density, breakage ratio, phase composition and microstructure of the ceramic proppant were characterized and studied. The results show that the bulk …
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Bauxite-based fracturing proppants with high strengths were prepared at sintering temperatures below 1200 °C via the addition of CaO and MnO 2.The effects of CaO and MnO 2 addition on the sintering behavior and the crush resistance of the bauxite-based proppants were investigated. The addition of CaO and MnO 2 promoted …
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The market trend for the hydraulic fracking technology is to use fewer chemicals and lower-density, higher-crush-strength proppants, for example, an apparent density less than 3.00 g/cm 3 (bulk density less than 1.65 g/cm 3) and strength no less than 52 MPa.The global market volume for low-density and high-strength proppant is about …
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WEBHere, smaller radii proppants showed greater resistance to proppant embedment than larger proppant sizes. According to the results, embedment values of …
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Crush resistance. Fine particles that are produced due to crushing of the proppant as a result of high stress can cause plugging of the pack pore, reducing the formation conductivity (Economides, 2009; Fu et al., 2016; Mittal et al., 2018; Zoveidavianpoor and Gharibi, 2015). The crush resistance testing in API RP 19C is a …
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This review provides a comprehensive overview of proppant crushing at the micro- to macro-levels by analyzing single proppant breakage, as well as re-arrangement and breakage mechanisms of...
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Here, we present proppant conductivity experiments using saw cut granite, tensile fractured granite, and aluminum control specimens packed with sintered bauxite ceramic proppants at concentrations ...
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