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Informal mining activities provide livelihoods for millions of poor in mineral‐rich developing countries. Yet, they continue to remain one of the least …
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Government officials have observed that this reliance on informal markets by formal miners is a shortcoming of ASGM formalization. One of the stated goals of …
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The activities of informal mining involve loss of lives (Bansah et al., 2016; Stemn et al., 2021), human health risks ... The questionnaire solicited data such as sociodemographic characteristics of study participants, awareness of the informal mining sector, and perspectives on the use of the military to 'fight' miners. ...
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Key Points. Artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM) is primitive with health problems determined by occupational, …
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The Intergovernmental Forum on Mining, Minerals, Metals and Sustainable Development (IGF) works with over 75 governments to strengthen their legal and policy frameworks to promote good governance in mining. ... However, approximately 80 per cent of small-scale miners are informal, which gives rise to many sustainable …
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Taking a human rights-based approach to formalization, which focuses on the rights and duties of both mining actors and the government in a bottom-up, participatory process, can help to address …
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Artisanal and Small-Scale Mining (ASM) is mineral extraction by individuals, cooperatives, or small companies with minimal capital investment and with much use of manual labour. ASM is an important …
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Informal mining activities provide livelihoods for millions of poor in mineral‐rich developing countries. Yet, they continue to remain one of the least understood areas in mineral resource management. ... It illustrates the variations in social‐economic, technical and legal characteristics, by putting such mining in a community and ...
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Historically, mining companies worldwide provided housing and developed towns to accommodate their employees. At the end of the 1980s this approach became less prevalent and attempts were made to ...
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Informal ASM – Operations that do not have the requisite licenses and permits required by law, ... They should be tailored to the socioeconomic characteristics of the individual mining communities and provide education and resources on how to foster partnerships with stakeholders, including community organizations and the private sector. ...
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on these enterprises and on employment is also not available given the size and characteristics of the informal sector. The frequency of surveys of unorganised enterprises and employment are around 5 years. This paper presents, the different approaches followed in the compilation ... Mining and quarrying 3.2 2.3 2.3 …
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Artisanal small-scale mining has been practised in Ghana for over a century. In 2018, small-scale miners generated 2.1 million ounces of gold, accounting for 43.1% of total gold production in the ...
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standard of living of the mining communities. This informal manner of operating, ends up converting itself into a disadvantage for the artisanal miners themselves who, when they discover, frequently by force, that the deposits ... will describe the main characteristics of artisanal mining in Peru. In the following section, the four zones that ...
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Tanzania's Informal Settlements Tanzania's informal settlements have their own unique characteristics in terms of tenure security, structural quality of housing, and inhabitants [50,55]. First, anyone who erects a structure in the informal settlement has a perceived security of tenure emanating from three generations.
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Table 1 constructs a defi nition of formal and informal based on multiple characteristics. In a strict sense, perhaps the most critical distinguishing features between formal and informal mining ...
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Therefore, an informal landfill in southwest China was selected as the target of this study. First, the groundwater contamination characteristics of the informal landfill were investigated, following which the microbial composition of the contaminated soil of the informal landfill site was determined by 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing.
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Rapid urbanization in developing countries has been accompanied by the spread of informal settlements, which is particularly prominent in sub-Saharan Africa. These settlements have become an important supplement to the inadequate formal housing supply in cities, and their spontaneously formed spatial patterns have important …
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Some of the poorest people in the world's poorest countries eke out a living in artisanal and small-scale mining (ASM). Equipped with primitive tools like picks, shovels, buckets, and gold pans, they work mining valuable resources, like gold, diamonds, tin, lithium, rare earth elements, tantalum, and cobalt, and any other usable commodity, for …
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Third, it examines the environmental quagmire issues that are largely associated with this highly informal type of mining. Lastly it examines the mining ban that was effected in Ghana and its mixed effects. ... (in this case the ban) is based on the peripheral characteristics of the informal nature of ASM, which are not representative …
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Pact brings together government, industry, miners and mining communities to make ASM safer, ... Artisanal and small-scale mining, or ASM, is a largely informal economic sector that includes workers around the world who use basic tools to extract from the earth everything from gold and gemstones to vital metals such as cobalt, tin, tungsten and ...
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This paper will look at the social organisation of ASM in the Eastern Highlands of Zimbabwe specifically looking at Penhalonga which has become a hotspot zone of 'informal mining'.
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Strong informal networks keep organizations agile and help disseminate information quickly. Informal communication complements formal methods and is essential for organizational culture, morale and productivity. Characteristics of informal communication. Informal communication tends to be more spontaneous and casual …
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Debt and poverty are major concerns in ASM, as informal work means miners cannot access finance given their non-legal status. However, a certain level of capitalization is required to register and gain a concession and to buy the necessary equipment to process minerals and mine. …
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Artisanal mining (ASM) is extraction from ore or mineral deposits by formal or informal mining operations with low investment and the use of technologies that are highly labour intensive. The scale of mining can either be small (relating to self-employed status of mine workers) or large (relating to the size of the collective and/or deposit).
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1. Introduction. Poverty has become global agenda. Evidence from literature indicates that 86% of the global poor are found in developing economies (World Bank, Citation 2018).In low income countries, 77% of the working age population earn below $2 a day (World Bank, Citation 2016).In developing world, particularly sub-Saharan Africa, …
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TY - JOUR. T1 - The characteristics of informal financial markets in sub-Saharan Africa. AU - Aryeetey, E. AU - Udry, C. PY - 1997. Y1 - 1997. N2 - This paper provides a brief review of both the relevant theoretical and empirical literature; an account of the usefulness of the theoretical literature for interpreting the empirical research on informal finance in …
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The informal economy takes up enough space in some countries in Africa, Asia, and Latin America. In Cameroon, for example, jobs in the informal sector accounted for 90.4% of total jobs in 2005; this statistic rose to 90.5% in 2010 Footnote 1 These statistics are similar in many African and Asian countries. Various forms Footnote 2 of …
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Therefore, an accurate assessment of the common materials found in informal settlements, and their comparison to literature data, is required. This paper presents a total of 345 cone calorimeter tests used to develop a database of combustible materials found in informal settlements of the Western Cape in South Africa.
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In this study, qualitative and quantitative approaches were used to examine the morphological characteristics of informal settlements in Tanzania and the associated influences on urban …
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The contributions of informal providers to the urban health system and their linkage to the formal health system require more evidence. This paper highlights the collaborations that exist between ...
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